Англо-русский экономический словарь.
Congruence — is the state achieved by coming together, the state of agreement. The Latin congruō meaning “I meet together, I agree”. As an abstract term, congruence means similarity between objects. Congruence, as opposed to equivalence or approximation, is a … Wikipedia
Congruence bias — is a type of cognitive bias similar to confirmation bias. Congruence bias occurs due to people s overreliance on direct testing of a given hypothesis, and a neglect of indirect testing. Examples Suppose that in an experiment, a subject is… … Wikipedia
Theory of Deep Democracy — Theory of Deep DemocracyThe theory of deep democracy makes a distinction between merely formal and deeper forms of democracy. Formal democracy is an important part of deep democracy, but it is merely a beginning or a necessary condition. In order … Wikipedia
Congruence lattice problem — In mathematics, the congruence lattice problem asks whether every algebraic distributive lattice is isomorphic to the congruence lattice of some other lattice. The problem was posed by Robert P. Dilworth, and for many years it was one of the most … Wikipedia
Congruence subgroup — In mathematics, a congruence subgroup of a matrix group with integer entries is a subgroup defined by congruence conditions on the entries. A very simple example would be invertible 2x2 integer matrices of determinant 1, such that the off… … Wikipedia
Congruence relation — See congruence (geometry) for the term as used in elementary geometry. In abstract algebra, a congruence relation (or simply congruence) is an equivalence relation on an algebraic structure (such as a group, ring, or vector space) that is… … Wikipedia
Congruence (manifolds) — In the theory of smooth manifolds, a congruence is the set of integral curves defined by a nonvanishing vector field defined on the manifold. Congruences are an important concept in general relativity, and are also important in parts of… … Wikipedia
Congruence of squares — In number theory, a congruence of squares is a congruence commonly used in integer factorization algorithms. Derivation Given a positive integer n, Fermat s factorization method relies on finding numbers x, y satisfying the equality We can then… … Wikipedia
Ideal (ring theory) — In ring theory, a branch of abstract algebra, an ideal is a special subset of a ring. The ideal concept allows the generalization in an appropriate way of some important properties of integers like even number or multiple of 3 . For instance, in… … Wikipedia
List of number theory topics — This is a list of number theory topics, by Wikipedia page. See also List of recreational number theory topics Topics in cryptography Contents 1 Factors 2 Fractions 3 Modular arithmetic … Wikipedia
Partition (number theory) — Young diagrams associated to the partitions of the positive integers 1 through 8. They are so arranged that images under the reflection about the main diagonal of the square are conjugate partitions. In number theory and combinatorics, a… … Wikipedia
